Machu Picchu Historical Sanctuary

This Historical Sanctuary, established in January 1981, covers an area of more than 35,000 hectares. Its strategic geographical location, on the eastern slope of the Andes, allows to protect ecosystems varying from the year-round snow found at 6,000 m.a.s.l., to the steamy tropical jungles to be found at just above 1,700 m.a.s.l.

Photo Courtesy: PromPerú

One of the best ways to enjoy the Sanctuary is following the Inca Trail, which passes through several eco-systems and archaeological sites. During the route is possible to observe a large variety of flora and fauna, before arriving to the walk’s end of the line, Machu Picchu.

Flora and fauna at the Historical Sanctuary of Machu Picchu are defined by several factors, mainly due to altitude and climate. In the high zones there are high-Andean gramineous plants such as different types of ichu, (shulla and chilla) and clematis. Lower zones have a larger abundance of vegetation: pisonay, queña, alders, and ferns, palm trees and puyas. Around the archaeological complex there are about 90 varieties of orchids. (more…)

Pampas de Ayacucho Historical Sanctuary

The Pampas de Ayacucho Historical Sanctuary was established by Law (D.S.) N 119-80-AA on August 14, 1980. It is located in the department of Ayacucho, province of Huamanga, It has a surface of 300 hectares.

On December 9, 1824 was scenary of the famous baltle of Ayacucho which sealed the American independence from the Spanish Empire. There are pre-Inca ruins in Wari, this culture was extended around the departments of Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Cusco and Arequipa.

Birds to be found at this Historical Sanctuary are the partridge of puna (Tinamotis pentlandii), the andean partridge (Nothoprecta pentlandii), the huallara (Chloephaga melanopterus), the lique lique (Vanellus resplenders) and the Kulle Kulle (Attagis gayi), among others.

Native plants include the wild trefall (Trifolium amabile), the pinco pinco (Ephedra americana), the llanten (Plantago sp.) and the peccoy (Stipa ichu). Some not very common types of pastures sauc as the Calamagrostis sp., Poa sp. and Alchemilla pinnata are also found here.

Main purpose of the Pampas de Ayacucho Historical Sanctuary are to protect the natural and Historical Heritage of the Battle of Ayacucho and improve and enlarge the Ayacucho - Wari ruins - Quinua - Pampas de Ayacucho tourist circuit.

Chacamarca Historical Sanctuary

The Historical Sanctuary of Chacamarca was stablished on August 7, 1974, through Law (D.S.) N 0750-74-AG, it is located in the department of Junin, province of Junin and has a surface of 2 500 hectares, on the Pampas de Chacamarca where did the battle of Junin, one of the most importants facts where the peruvians got their independence.

The pastures of the Andes Called Poáceas (Calamagrostis sp., Stipa sp. and Festuca sp.) grow abundantly in the area.

The main purpose of this Sanctuary is to protect the historical scenary of the battle of Junin and preserve the archaeological sites relevant to the Pumpush Culture.

We can also find the andean parrtidge (Nothoprocta pentlandii), la chinalinda (Phalco boenus megalopterus) and the lique lique (Vanellus resplendens).

Bahuaja Sonene National Park

The Bahuaja - Sonene National Park was established on July 17, 1996 through Law (D.S.) N 012-96-AG. The area of Tambopata Candamo was created after it with the participation of the population of Madre de Dios and Puno.

This National Park is located in the departments of Madre de Dios and Puno provinces of Tambopata and Sandia respectively. It has a surface of 537,053.25 hectares corresponding to the National Sanctuary of Pampas del Heath, has a borderline with the National Park of Madidi in Bolivia. We con find several animals in danger of extinction like the giant outter and the river wolf (Pteronura brasiliense), the wild dog (Speothos venaticus), the black alligator (Melanosuchus niger), the aguila harpía (Harpya harpija).

A recently created park in the jungle territories of the Puno and Madre de Dios departments, the Bahuaja-Sonene National Park (names given by the Ese’eja ethnic group to the Tambopata and Ene rivers, respectively) serves to protect what are probably the last inhabited tropical forests of the world.
(more…)

Yanachaga Chemillen National Park

The Yanachaga Chemillen National Park was established on August 29, 1986, through Law (D.S.) N 068-86-AG. This National Park is situated in the department of Pasco, province Oxampampa, districts of Oxapampa, Villarica, Huancabamba and Pozuzo on a mountain range east of the Andes. It has a surface of 122,000 hectares.

Local flora includes mosses, brackens, orchids, cans, and several types of bushes, also the ulcumano (Podocarpus rospigliossi and Podocarpus glomeratus), the Diablo fuerte trees (Podocarpus oleifolrus and Podocarpus utilior), cedars (Cedrela lilloi and Cedrela mountain), walnut trees (Juglans neotropica), oak trees (Lauraceas) among others. (more…)

Rio Abiseo National Park

The Río Abiseo National Park was established on August 11, 1983 through Law (D.S.) N 064-83-AG. In 1990 was declared as a Cultural and Natural Inheritance of the Humanity by UNESCO.

This park is located in the department of San Martín, province Mariscal Caceres, district Hurcungo with a surface of 274,520 hectares.

In this park are seven life zones going from 350 m.a.s.l. to 4200 m.a.s.l. with very varied flora and fauna. The foggy forests have a very rich variety of plants behind the tropical and humid forests. Its flora includes archids, brakens, canes and mosses. There are 261 types, 105 families and 1,000 types of flora.

Rio Abiseo National Park also is home for several types of birds such as the paujil (Crax salvini), the jungle condor (Sarcoramphus popa), the yellow head parrot (Amazona ochrocephala) and the wild duck (Netta erythrophthalma). (more…)

Cerros de Amotape National Park

The Cerros de Amotape was established on July 22, 1975through Law (D.S.) N 0800-75-AG. Since 1977 the Reserve of the North-est Biosphere ios made up of Coto de Caza, The Angolo and the Zona Reservada de Tumbes. This park is located in the departments of Tumbes and Piura, provinces of Contralmirante Villar and Sullana, and has a surface of 91,300 hectares.

There are 4 different ecosystems in Cerros de Amotape and local flora includes 44 arboreal species, 47 bush species, 61 plants, 12 dimming plants, 7 cactaceas and 12 epiphytes. (4 varieties of archids). Some trees found at this park are the cedar (Cedrel sp.) the ebony (Ziziphus thyrsiflora), the guaycan (Tabebuia bill bergii), the madero (Tabebura chrysanta), the hualtaco (Loxopterygium huasango) and the palo santo (Bursera graveolens).

The wild fauna is very varied, there are species from tropical forests, arid areas and the Andes. There are about 100 species of mammals, birds, reptiles and anphibians. (more…)